Incidental Art

I write this sitting on the steps of The Big House, near the Northeast entrance of Crisler Center.

Three flags hang on three poles: the United States, Michigan, and the University.

History was meant to bring the three together tonight not too far from where I sit.

The site of the original second presidential debate – before it was canceled, before it was moved, before COVID – was here, now.

This place, this moment.

A person (or set of persons) doing stomp percussion in a building in the distance.

A periodic runner hustles by.

I wear a mask.

Now, the Michigan flag blows with the wind.

Now, it hangs limpid with the the others.

If I do not say much here, it is because there is not much to say. Things were supposed to go one way. They went another. History cannot be planned. Only witnessed.

I bear witness to the silence in this place on this night. The lines of the flags rustling against their poles. Thirty second bursts of percussive improvisation. The hum of distant HVAC systems. Buses braking, accelerating, kneeling at vacant stops. Lights are on, streetlights at least. The inside of Crisler is dark, empty.

Even the air feels absent. Sitting at that autumnal temperature of neutral heat transfer, equilibrium, balance. Without the occasional chilled gust I might not know I was anywhere at all.

History might not either. It doesn’t/can’t see all. Even we who bear witness report only this much.

How much else is hidden in memories of forgotten futures?

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This year we see many things “through the looking glass”. And though this can warp our perspective, it can also expand our view. This semester, those of us on campus get to see the University of Michigan in a way it hasn’t been seen in two hundred years of operation. It is beautiful. It is tragic.

It is a place warped by a moment.

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1. When the human race encounters its first honest-to-goodness “alien” lifeform, do you think it will be of an “artificial” or “organic”/”natural” composition?
2. If a prosthetic is harmed, is it a form of property damage or a personal injury? For example, imagine an individual with a prosthetic limb is in a car accident in which the prosthetic is damaged, should compensation for this “loss of limb” be for property restitution or injury coverage?
3. There will always be medical device malfunctions, defects, imperfections, scenarios unplanned for. What is an appropriate rate of harm for medical devices in general? What about those replacing a limb or a function? What about implanted devices?
4. In The Tin Man of Oz, we are told that the Wicked Witch of the East enchants Nick Chopper’s axe so that it lops of parts of his body to prevent him from marrying Nimmie. A tinsmith replaces each lost part with tin until he is all tin – a Tin Man! Not content with just this wickedness, The Wicked Witch assembled each of Nick’s severed parts into a whole man, named Chopfyt, who Nimmie has wed. Did Nick marry Nimmie?
5. Imagine a neural prosthetic has been implanted into your brain that helps to transcode your short-term memories into your long-term memories. This implant that you neither see nor feel sends a pattern of electrical shocks to your hippocampus without you knowing when or how. After a while you notice your memory has improved, recalling more information with greater ease. Has this implant changed “you”? Is this implant now part of “you”? If it were removed…?
6. An internal alarm for an implanted medical device with an individual manufacturer starts to go off. It is not loud but can be heard within a few feet. It makes a short chirp every 33 minutes. It continues to sound for two years.
   1. It requires an invasive procedure which your insurance does not cover and which you cannot afford.
   2. The company who manufactured it went out of business a couple years back.
   3. As it is not a “life-threatening” malfunction, the company that acquired the company that developed the original device claims no liability and will not cover repair or replacement. What is to be done?
7. Some forms of deafness – a lack of hearing – can be augmented/treated/aided by cochlear implants. Critics of childhood implantation say members of the deaf community have their own language and culture and that to implant devices in children would diminish an already minority culture. Who should make the decisions involved in these implants and how should they make them?
8. Would humans who come “to term” within artificial womb-like environments without being birthed through typical – “natural” – means be any “different” from “normal” humans? What would it mean to be “born” from such an environment?
9. To make the preceding question a little more difficult, when would a human’s life begin within such an “artificial” environment? Would/Should restrictions/regulations of abortion procedures be any different in “natural” and “artificial” cases?
10. Would you willingly get a prosthetic? What would you make of those who would?

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1. Unfortunately, naturally race enters into the discussion. Whether it is Bay Area nerds coding up healthcare infrastructure or that nurse adding a little something extra about that patient who was being just a bit too snooty for their liking, implicit and explicit biases enter our systems. What is at least one effective way to root some of it out of a system?
2. Class and economic inequity often enter into this sorts of discussions with the implication that since The Rich are so rich they will have access to the latest and greatest in healthcare and therefore that is what will give them yet another advantage in this life and that is why they will outlive us, The Meek & Mild Discussers of Bioethics. I contend there is scant evidence to suggest that the latest and greatest in most medical enterprises does anything to help those quite literally on the bleeding edge. How will artificial intelligence in medicine help the rich and can we ensure it will also help the not-rich too?
3. A black box is presented to you. You are told it has exceedingly intelligent insides, which you cannot see. The box says you have a 48% chance of catastrophe. How do you respond?
4. Can you torture a computer?
5. Does the rate at which a theoretical artificial intelligence operate warp the ethical calculus we must program into it? Put differently, how ought we human beings program computers to act ethically that operate at thousands to billions to trillions of times faster than any human being or group of human beings ever could hope to if they each lived a hundred lifetimes. Put succinctly, how do we consider ethics at different time scales?
6. Among the regulatory considerations of a practical implementation of medical artificial intelligence include contextual biases, data import/integrity/privacy/security, explanation of information “learned” from data obtained, exportation of information to “others”, sampling skews, training set biases, trade secrets, and the uncertainty of the American healthcare system (mostly from Minssen et al. 2020). Of these, which do you think poses the greatest practical ethical hurdle and why?
7. What makes something “artificial”? Is it the same in every case as “man made”? What respect do humans have to things which are artificial that are not human made?
8. By what mean(s) can a non-artificial intelligence determine an “artificial intelligence”?
9. In what topsy turvy world could an “artificial intelligence” be held culpable for a crime? Would an A.I.’s “programmers”/”creators” take the responsibility? When/Could such designers be relieved of that responsibility?
10. When the human race encounters its first honest-to-goodness “alien” lifeform, do you think it will be of an “artificial” or “organic”/”natural” composition?
11. Do moral actions require conscious creatures?
12. Is there any way to unhitch the wagon of “artificial intelligence” from advertising or are we destined to see ever more personalized ads that seem targeted at our ever more personalized problems/desires/hopes/plans?
13. Follow on, is there a “good” pharmaceutical advertisement?
14. Just between us, now that you’re scanning this far down in the question sheet, how much of this artificial intelligence stuff do you think is just the new “hocus pocus”, the new “snake oil”, the new “set and forget” solution to all your life’s problems? How much of it do you think will end up living up to the hype?
15. To what degree of granularity should the sewage company be able to tell – via new and improved artificial intelligence-enhanced “surveillance testing” methods – what the neighborhood has been eating?

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1. How do you determine the presence of minds in others?
2. How comfortable are you with the notion that there exist people fully as capable of thoughtful reflection on the world as you (perhaps some even better) and yet come to completely different conclusions? How do you negotiate disagreement with others?
3. What is it like to be a bat?
4. If you could be transported instantaneously to a world where other people’s thoughts in your local vicinity were revealed to you but yours were as also revealed to them, would you want to go there? Do you think those who were born into such a world would wish to come to ours where thoughts are kept quietly within skulls?
5. Can one lie in their sleep?
6. Why do you think people believe “weird” things? What “weird” things do you believe?
7. Why do you think so much early/foundational research on the Theory of Mind was spent on “false belief” studies?
8. For human beings does “life” “end” with the end of “the mind”. Does it begin there as well? Is this the same criteria we ought to apply to those things we believe have minds?
9. Is there a baseline level of respect owe to the integrity for things which do (not) have minds?
10. “Think about it,” David Foster Wallace bids us, “there is no experience you have had that you are not the absolute center of. The world as you experience it is there in front of YOU or behind YOU, to the left or right of YOU, on YOUR TV or YOUR monitor. And so on. Other people’s thoughts and feelings have to be communicated to you somehow, but your own are so immediate, urgent, real.” Is this the “default setting, hard-wired into our boards at birth” for all mind-having-beings or is it the conditioned response of a single subset of a single species of primate?
11. Do we mind-having creatures tend to over-attribute or under-attribute mental states to others? Why/Is it important to understand (the mental states of) others?
12. Do human beings of today have the same “minds” as human beings of way back when? What about the minds of human beings of the way off when?
13. When you “change your mind”, what happens?
14. How often should we change our mind? When/Should we change it more/less?
15. Will we make it to the next…?

Questions from the community!

1. Do humans deserve consciousness? Is consciousness a burden? Have we wasted it?
2. Do you believe in the ‘collective mind(s)?’ If my mind is the conduit through which I experience the universe, is it influenced at all by the mere existence or presence of others (ignoring the direct ways humans influence each other, e.g. talking)? If you think the collective mind(s) exist, is it bounded at a particular level (e.g. your immediate physical proximity, the community, the nation, the human species)? If you don’t believe in the collective mind(s), why do you think we prefer holding bioethics discussions in person sitting far away from each other, instead of through (convenient?) internet services?
3. Why do certain cultures fear death, while others celebrate it? How does the culture we grow up in and its attitudes towards death affect our psyches and how we live our day to day lives?
4. What can we do to broaden our perspectives on controversial topics-how can we learn from one another to improve our understanding of our place as engineers?
5. Will a utilitarian approach to public policy be different if decision makers have a direct access to the subjective experience of pain and pleasure of others? In other words, should the utilitarian weight emphasize the subjective or objective aspect of pain and pleasure?
6. How much of the way we think and the actions we take are dictated by the media and other pop culture influences?
7. Can you ever really know what another person is observing and how they interpret those observations without a shared experience? Even then, without an equivocal genetic makeup and dietary intake, would you ever truly be able to ‘hop in someone else’s shoes.’ Is true empathy therefore unreachable?
8. How does one reconcile the idea that our own perceptions of self differ from others’ perceptions of us? Does our perception of self matter if we aren’t able to effectively communicate it to others? Can someone ever be truly understood outside of their own mind?
9. Does anyone really truly understand another person or creature? Could they really know the complexities of all the thoughts present in their mind? If one cannot even understand the complexities of their own mind, then how would one understand someone else?
10. Though there are compelling reason to consider changing the definition of the death when applied to a human person, what meaningful consequence would there be for such a change? The purpose of our current definition of death is so it to be applied across all life forms as a generality. When someone says that their dog died, there is a common understanding that what happened is that same as if someone says their parent died. It’s almost deceitful to change the definition because if commonly accepted it does not make our speech more precise it actually detracts from our speech and makes it more uncertain about what death happened. It would also further stratify our raking of biological life. People would then start arguing that dogs and cats have this higher death, monkeys and dolphins. Who are we to determine what can experience a death of personhood? Furthermore we are talking about a situation which no one has inherently come back from. Although the idea of person may be gone who is to say that the body does not continue to feel hunger, thirst, heat, cold. Regardless of what, I think that even a single  response constitutes life because it feels beyond human judgement to determine a unique form of death for humans. I think the reason we think about brain death as death is because we consider it equivalent to death for ourselves who cannot accept the idea we are alive without an ego, that we encompass a body and mind. I think we can be alive without either a body or mind. Find the question in that.
11. What contributes to our “mind” beyond what’s inside our skull (digestive system, perhaps?)?

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Patricia Florence Di Chiaro
Rodney Dickens
Jerry D. Dickerson
Joseph Dermot Dickey, Jr.
Lawrence Patrick Dickinson
Michael D. Diehl
John Difato
Vincent Francis DiFazio
Carl Anthony DiFranco
Donald Joseph DiFranco  
John DiGiovanni
Eddie A. Dillard
Debra Ann Di Martino
David DiMeglio
Stephen Patrick Dimino
William John Dimmling
Christopher More Dincuff
Jeffrey Mark Dingle
Rena Sam Dinnoo
Anthony Dionisio
George DiPasquale
Joseph Di Pilato
Douglas Frank DiStefano
Donald Americo DiTullio
Ramzi A. Doany
Johnnie Doctor, Jr.
John Joseph Doherty
Melissa Cándida Doi
Brendan Dolan
Robert E. Dolan, Jr.
Neil Matthew Dollard
James Domanico
Benilda Pascua Domingo
Alberto Dominguez
Carlos Dominguez
Jerome Mark Patrick Dominguez
Kevin W. Donnelly
Jacqueline Donovan
William H. Donovan
Stephen Scott Dorf
Thomas Dowd
Kevin Christopher Dowdell
Mary Yolanda Dowling
Raymond Matthew Downey, Sr.
Frank Joseph Doyle
Joseph Michael Doyle
Randall L. Drake
Patrick Joseph Driscoll
Stephen Patrick Driscoll
Charles A. Droz III
Mirna A. Duarte
Luke A. Dudek
Christopher Michael Duffy
Gerard J. Duffy
Michael Joseph Duffy
Thomas W. Duffy
Antoinette Duger
Jackie Sayegh Duggan
Sareve Dukat
Patrick Dunn
Felicia Gail DunJones
Christopher Joseph Dunne
Richard Anthony Dunstan
Patrick Thomas Dwyer  
Joseph Anthony Eacobacci
John Bruce Eagleson
Edward T. Earhart
Robert Douglas Eaton
Dean Phillip Eberling
Margaret Ruth Echtermann
Paul Robert Eckna
Constantine Economos
Barbara G. Edwards
Dennis Michael Edwards
Michael Hardy Edwards
Christine Egan
Lisa Erin Egan
Martin J. Egan, Jr.
Michael Egan
Samantha Martin Egan
Carole Eggert
Lisa Caren Ehrlich
John Ernst Eichler
Eric Adam Eisenberg
Daphne Ferlinda Elder
Michael J. Elferis
Mark Joseph Ellis
Valerie Silver Ellis
Albert Alfy William Elmarry
Robert R. Elseth
Edgar Hendricks Emery, Jr.
Doris Suk-Yuen Eng
Christopher Epps
Ulf Ramm Ericson
Erwin L. Erker
William John Erwin
Sarah Ali Escarcega
Jose Espinal
Fanny Espinoza
Billy Scoop Esposito
Bridget Ann Esposito
Francis Esposito
Michael A. Esposito
Ruben Esquilin, Jr.
Sadie Ette
Barbara G. Etzold
Eric Brian Evans
Robert Edward Evans
Meredith Emily June Ewart
Catherine K. Fagan
Patricia Mary Fagan
Ivan Kyrillos FairbankBarbosa
Keith George Fairben
Sandra Fajardo-Smith
Charles S. Falkenberg
Dana Falkenberg
Zoe Falkenberg
Jamie L. Fallon
William F. Fallon
William Lawrence Fallon, Jr.
Anthony J. Fallone, Jr.
Dolores Brigitte Fanelli
Robert John Fangman
John Joseph Fanning
Kathleen Anne Faragher
Thomas James Farino
Nancy C. Doloszycki Farley
Paige Marie Farley-Hackel
Elizabeth Ann Farmer
Douglas Jon Farnum
John Gerard Farrell
John W. Farrell
Terrence Patrick Farrell
Joseph D. Farrelly
Thomas Patrick Farrelly
Syed Abdul Fatha
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Wendy R. Faulkner
Shannon Marie Fava
Bernard D. Favuzza
Robert Fazio, Jr.
Ronald Carl Fazio, Sr.
William M. Feehan
Francis Jude Feely
Garth Erin Feeney
Sean Bernard Fegan
Lee S. Fehling
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Alan D. Feinberg
Rosa Maria Feliciano
Edward P. Felt
Edward Thomas Fergus, Jr.
George J. Ferguson III
J. Joseph Ferguson
Henry Fernandez
Judy Hazel Santillan Fernandez
Julio Fernandez
Elisa Giselle Ferraina
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Robert John Ferris
David Francis Ferrugio
Louis V. Fersini, Jr.
Michael David Ferugio
Bradley James Fetchet
Jennifer Louise Fialko
Kristen Nicole Fiedel
Amelia V. Fields
Samuel Fields
Alexander Milan Filipov
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Michael C. Fiore
Stephen J. Fiorelli
Paul M. Fiori
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John R. Fischer
Andrew Fisher
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Gerald P. Fisher
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Ryan D. Fitzgerald
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Richard P. Fitzsimons
Salvatore Fiumefreddo
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Wilson F. Flagg
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Eileen Flecha
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Michael N. Fodor
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Chih Min Foo
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Godwin Forde
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Noel John Foster
Sandra N. Foster
Ana Fosteris
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Virgin Lucy Francis
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Morton H. Frank
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Colleen L. Fraser
Richard K. Fraser
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Clyde Frazier, Jr.
Lillian Inez Frederick
Andrew Fredericks
Tamitha Freeman
Brett Owen Freiman
Peter L. Freund
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Alan W. Friedlander
Andrew Keith Friedman
Paul J. Friedman
Gregg J. Froehner
Lisa Anne Frost
Peter Christian Fry
Clement A. Fumando
Steven Elliot Furman
Paul James Furmato
Karleton Douglas Beye Fyfe
G Fredric Neal Gabler
Richard Peter Gabriel
Richard S. Gabrielle
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Pamela Lee Gaff
Ervin Vincent Gailliard
Deanna Lynn Galante and her
unborn child
Grace Catherine Galante
Anthony Edward Gallagher
Daniel James Gallagher
John Patrick Gallagher
Lourdes J. Galletti
Cono E. Gallo
Vincent Gallucci
Thomas E. Galvin
Giovanna Galletta Gambale
Thomas Gambino, Jr.
Giann F. Gamboa
Ronald L. Gamboa
Peter James Ganci, Jr.
Michael Gann
Charles William Garbarini
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Cesar R. Garcia
David Garcia
Jorge Luis Morron Garcia
Juan Garcia
Marlyn Del Carmen Garcia
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Harvey Joseph Gardner III
Jeffrey Brian Gardner
Thomas A. Gardner
William Arthur Gardner
Frank Garfi
Rocco Nino Gargano
James M. Gartenberg
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Bruce Gary
Boyd Alan Gatton
Donald Richard Gavagan, Jr.
Peter Alan Gay
Terence D. Gazzani
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Paul Hamilton Geier
Julie M. Geis
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Steven Paul Geller
Howard G. Gelling, Jr.
Peter Victor Genco, Jr.
Steven Gregory Genovese
Alayne Gentul
Linda M. George
Edward F. Geraghty
Suzanne Geraty
Ralph Gerhardt
Robert Gerlich
Denis P. Germain
Marina Romanovna Gertsberg
Susan M. Getzendanner
Lawrence D. Getzfred
James G. Geyer
Cortez Ghee
Joseph M. Giaccone
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Craig Neil Gibson
Ronnie E. Gies
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Timothy Paul Gilbert
Paul Stuart Gilbey
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Rodney C. Gillis
Laura Gilly
John F. Ginley
Donna Marie Giordano
Jeffrey John Giordano
John Giordano
Steven A. Giorgetti
Martin Giovinazzo
Kum-Kum Girolamo
Salvatore Gitto
Cynthia Giugliano
Mon Gjonbalaj
Dianne Gladstone
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Edmund Glazer
Harry Glenn
Barry H. Glick
Jeremy Logan Glick
Steven Glick
John T. Gnazzo
William Robert Godshalk
Michael Gogliormella
Brian F. Goldberg
Jeffrey G. Goldflam
Michelle Goldstein
Monica Goldstein
Steven Ian Goldstein
Ronald F. Golinski
Andrew H. Golkin
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Manuel Gomez, Jr.
Wilder Alfredo Gomez
Jenine Nicole Gonzalez
Mauricio Gonzalez
Rosa J. Gonzalez
Lynn Catherine Goodchild
Calvin Joseph Gooding
Peter Morgan Goodrich
Harry Goody
Kiran Kumar Reddy Gopu
Catherine C. Gorayeb
Lisa Fenn Gordenstein
Kerene Gordon
Sebastian Gorki
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Thomas Edward Gorman
Michael Edward Gould
O. Kristin Osterholm White Gould
Douglas Alan Gowell
Yuji Goya
Jon Richard Grabowski
Christopher Michael Grady
Edwin J. Graf III
David Martin Graifman
Gilbert Franco Granados
Lauren Catuzzi Grandcolas and
her unborn child
Elvira Granitto
Winston Arthur Grant
Christopher S. Gray
Ian J. Gray
James Michael Gray
Tara McCloud Gray
John M. Grazioso
Timothy George Grazioso
Derrick Auther Green
Wade B. Green
Wanda Anita Green
Elaine Myra Greenberg
Donald Freeman Greene
Gayle R. Greene
James Arthur Greenleaf, Jr.
Eileen Marsha Greenstein
Elizabeth Martin Gregg
Denise Marie Gregory
Donald H. Gregory
Florence Moran Gregory
Pedro Grehan
John Michael Griffin
Tawanna Sherry Griffin
Joan Donna Griffith
Warren Grifka
Ramon B. Grijalvo
Joseph F. Grillo
David Joseph Grimner
Francis Edward Grogan
Linda Gronlund
Kenneth George Grouzalis
Joseph Grzelak
Matthew James Grzymalski
Robert Joseph Gschaar
Liming Gu
Richard J. Guadagno
Jose A. Guadalupe
Cindy Yan Zhu Guan
Geoffrey E. Guja
Joseph P. Gullickson
Babita Girjamatie Guman
Douglas Brian Gurian
Janet Ruth Gustafson
Philip T. Guza
Barbara Guzzardo
Peter Mark Gyulavary
Gary Robert Haag
Andrea Lyn Haberman
Barbara Mary Habib
Philip Haentzler
Nezam A. Hafiz
Karen Elizabeth Hagerty
Steven Michael Hagis
Mary Lou Hague
David Halderman
Maile Rachel Hale
Diane Hale-McKinzy
Richard B. Hall
Stanley R. Hall
Vaswald George Hall
Robert J. Halligan
Vincent Gerard Halloran
Carolyn B. Halmon
James Douglas Halvorson
Mohammad Salman Hamdani
Felicia Hamilton
Robert W. Hamilton
Carl Max Hammond, Jr.
Frederic K. Han
Christopher James Hanley
Sean S. Hanley
Valerie Joan Hanna
Thomas Paul Hannafin
Kevin James Hannaford, Sr.
Michael Lawrence Hannan
Dana Rey Hannon
Christine Lee Hanson
Peter Burton Hanson
Sue Kim Hanson
Vassilios G. Haramis
James A. Haran
Gerald Francis Hardacre
Jeffrey Pike Hardy
T.J. Hargrave
Daniel Edward Harlin
Frances Haros
Harvey L. Harrell
Stephen G. Harrell
Melissa HarringtoHughes
Aisha Ann Harris
Stewart D. Harris
John Patrick Hart
Eric Hartono
John Clinton Hartz
Emeric Harvey
Peter Paul Hashem
Thomas Theodore Haskell, Jr.
Timothy Shawn Haskell
Joseph John Hasson III
Leonard W. Hatton, Jr.
Terence S. Hatton
Michael Helmut Haub
Timothy Aaron Haviland
Donald G. Havlish, Jr.
Anthony Maurice Hawkins
Nobuhiro Hayatsu
James Edward Hayden
Robert Jay Hayes
Philip T. Hayes, Ret.
W. Ward Haynes
Scott Jordan Hazelcorn
Michael K. Healey
Roberta B. Heber
Charles Francis Xavier Heeran
John F. Heffernan
Michele M. Heidenberger
Sheila M.S. Hein
H. Joseph Heller, Jr.
JoAnn L. Heltibridle
Ronald John Hemenway
Mark F. Hemschoot
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Brian Hennessey
Edward R. Hennessy, Jr.
Michelle Marie Henrique
Joseph Patrick Henry
William L. Henry, Jr.
Catherina Henry-Robinson
John Christopher Henwood
Robert Allan Hepburn
Mary Herencia
Lindsay C. Herkness III
Harvey Robert Hermer
Norberto Hernandez
Raul Hernandez
Gary Herold
Jeffrey Alan Hersch
Thomas J. Hetzel
Leon Bernard Heyward MC
Sundance
Brian Christopher Hickey
Enemencio Dario Hidalgo Cedeño
Timothy Brian Higgins
Robert D. W. Higley II
Todd Russell Hill
Clara Victorine Hinds
Neal O. Hinds
Mark Hindy
Katsuyuki Hirai
Heather Malia Ho
Tara Yvette Hobbs
Thomas Anderson Hobbs
James J. Hobin
Robert Wayne Hobson III
DaJuan Hodges
Ronald G. Hoerner
Patrick A. Hoey
John A. Hofer
Marcia Hoffman
Stephen Gerard Hoffman
Frederick Joseph Hoffmann
Michele L. Hoffmann
Judith Florence Hofmiller
Wallace Cole Hogan, Jr.
Thomas Warren Hohlweck, Jr.
Jonathan R. Hohmann
Cora Hidalgo Holland
John Holland
Joseph F. Holland
Jimmie I. Holley
Elizabeth Holmes
Thomas P. Holohan
Herbert Wilson Homer
LeRoy W. Homer, Jr.
Bradley V. Hoorn
James P. Hopper
Montgomery McCullough Hord
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Matthew Douglas Horning
Robert L. Horohoe, Jr.
Michael Robert Horrocks
Aaron Horwitz
Charles J. Houston
Uhuru G. Houston
Angela M. Houtz
George Gerard Howard
Brady Kay Howell
Michael C. Howell
Steven Leon Howell
Jennifer L. Howley and her unborn child
Milagros Hromada
Marian R. Hrycak
Stephen Huczko, Jr.
Kris Robert Hughes
Paul Rexford Hughes
Robert T. Hughes, Jr.
Thomas F. Hughes, Jr.
Timothy Robert Hughes
Susan Huie
Lamar Demetrius Hulse
John Nicholas Humber, Jr.
William Christopher Hunt
Kathleen Anne Hunt-Casey
Joseph Gerard Hunter
Peggie M. Hurt
Robert R. Hussa
Stephen N. Hyland, Jr.
Robert J. Hymel
Thomas Edward Hynes
Walter G. Hynes
Joseph Anthony Ianelli
Zuhtu Ibis
Jonathan Lee Ielpi
Michael Patrick Iken
Daniel Ilkanayev
Frederick J. Ill, Jr.
Abraham Nethanel Ilowitz
Anthony P. Infante, Jr.
Louis S. Inghilterra
Christopher Noble Ingrassia
Paul Innella
Stephanie Veronica Irby
Douglas Jason Irgang
Kristin Irvine-Ryan
Todd Antione Isaac
Erik Hans Isbrandtsen
Taizo Ishikawa
Waleed Joseph Iskandar
Aram Iskenderian, Jr.
John F. Iskyan
Kazushige Ito
Aleksandr Valeryevich Ivantsov
Lacey Bernard Ivory
Virginia May Jablonski
Bryan C. Jack
Brooke Alexandra Jackman
Aaron Jeremy Jacobs
Ariel Louis Jacobs
Jason Kyle Jacobs
Michael G. Jacobs
Steven A. Jacobson
Steven D. Jacoby
Ricknauth Jaggernauth
Jake Denis Jagoda
Yudhvir S. Jain
Maria Jakubiak
Robert Adrien Jalbert
Ernest James
Gricelda E. James
Mark Steven Jardim
Amy Nicole Jarret
Muhammadou Jawara
Francois JeaPierre
Maxima JeaPierre
Paul Edward Jeffers
John Charles Jenkins
Joseph Jenkins, Jr.
Alan Keith Jensen
Prem Nath Jerath
Farah Jeudy
Hweidar Jian
Eliezer Jimenez, Jr.
Luis Jimenez, Jr.
Charles Gregory John
Nicholas John
Dennis M. Johnson
LaShawna Johnson
Scott Michael Johnson
William R. Johnston
Allison Horstmann Jones
Arthur Joseph Jones III
Brian Leander Jones
Charles Edward Jones
Christopher D. Jones
Donald T. Jones II
Donald W. Jones
Judith Lawter Jones
Linda Jones
Mary S. Jones
Andrew Brian Jordan, Sr.
Robert Thomas Jordan
Albert Gunnis Joseph
Ingeborg Joseph
Karl Henry Joseph
Stephen Joseph
Jane Eileen Josiah
Anthony Jovic
Angel L. Juarbe, Jr.
Karen Sue Juday
Ann C. Judge
Mychal F. Judge
Paul William Jurgens
Thomas Edward Jurgens
Shashikiran Lakshmikantha
Kadaba
Gavkharoy Kamardinova
Shari Kandell
Howard Lee Kane
Jennifer Lynn Kane
Vincent D. Kane
Joon Koo Kang
Sheldon Robert Kanter
Deborah H. Kaplan
Robin Lynne Kaplan
Alvin Peter Kappelmann, Jr.
Charles H. Karczewski
William A. Karnes
Douglas Gene Karpiloff
Charles L. Kasper
Andrew K. Kates
John A. Katsimatides
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Don Jerome Kauth, Jr.
Hideya Kawauchi
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Richard M. Keane
Lisa Yvonne Kearney-Griffin
Karol Ann Keasler
Barbara A. Keating
Paul Hanlon Keating
Leo Russell Keene III
Brenda Kegler
Chandler Raymond Keller
Joseph John Keller
Peter R. Kellerman
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Frederick H. Kelley III
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Joseph A. Kelly
Maurice P. Kelly
Richard John Kelly, Jr.
Thomas Michael Kelly
Thomas Richard Kelly
Thomas W. Kelly
Timothy Colin Kelly
William Hill Kelly, Jr.
Robert Clinton Kennedy
Thomas J. Kennedy
Yvonne E. Kennedy
John Richard Keohane
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Ronald T. Kerwin
Howard L. Kestenbaum
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Ruth Ellen Ketler
Boris Khalif
Norma Cruz Khan
Sarah Khan
Taimour Firaz Khan
Rajesh Khandelwal
SeiLai Khoo
Michael Vernon Kiefer
Satoshi Kikuchihara
Andrew Jay-Hoon Kim
Lawrence Don Kim
Mary Jo Kimelman
Heinrich Kimmig
Karen Ann Kincaid
Amy R. King
Andrew M. King
Lucille Teresa King
Robert King, Jr.
Lisa King-Johnson
Brian K. Kinney
Takashi Kinoshita
Chris Michael Kirby
Robert Kirkpatrick
Howard Barry Kirschbaum
Glenn Davis Kirwin
Helen Crossin Kittle and her
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Thomas Patrick Knox
Rebecca Lee Koborie
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Irina Kolpakova
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Abdoulaye Koné
Bon Seok Koo
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Scott Michael Kopytko
Bojan George Kostic
Danielle Kousoulis
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William Edward Krukowski
Lyudmila Ksido
Toshiya Kuge
Shekhar Kumar
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Frederick Kuo, Jr.
Patricia A. Kuras
Nauka Kushitani
Thomas Joseph Kuveikis
Victor Kwarkye
Raymond Kui Fai Kwok
Angela Reed Kyte
Andrew La Corte
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Kathryn L. LaBorie
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Ganesh K. Ladkat
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Joseph A. Lafalce
Jeanette Louise Lafond-Menichino
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Alan Charles LaFrance
Juan Mendez Lafuente
Neil Kwong-Wah Lai
Vincent Anthony Laieta
William David Lake
Franco Lalama
Chow Kwan Lam
Michael S. Lamana
Stephen LaMantia
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Robert T. Lane
Brendan Mark Lang
Rosanne P. Lang
Vanessa Lang Langer and her
unborn child
Mary Lou Langley
Peter J. Langone
Thomas Michael Langone
Michele Bernadette Lanza
Ruth Sheila Lapin
Ingeborg A.D. Lariby
Robin Blair Larkey
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Christopher Randall Larrabee
Hamidou S. Larry
Scott Larsen
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Gary Edward Lasko
Nicholas Craig Lassman
Paul Laszczynski
Charles A. Laurencin
Stephen James Lauria
Maria LaVache
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Jeannine Mary LaVerde
Anna A. Laverty
Steven Lawn
Robert A. Lawrence, Jr.
Nathaniel Lawson
David W. Laychak
Eugen Gabriel Lazar
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Neil J. Leavy
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Leon Lebor
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Alan J. Lederman
Elena F. Ledesma
Alexis Leduc
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David S. Lee
Dong Chul Lee
Gary H. Lee
Hyun Joon Lee
Juanita Lee
Kathryn Blair Lee
Linda C. Lee
Lorraine Mary Greene Lee
Myoung Woo Lee
Richard Y.C. Lee
Stuart Soo-Jin Lee
Yang Der Lee
Stephen Paul Lefkowitz
Adriana Legro
Edward Joseph Lehman
Eric Lehrfeld
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David Prudencio Lemagne
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John Joseph Lennon, Jr.
John Robinson Lenoir
Jorge Luis León, Sr.
Matthew G. Leonard
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Charles A. Lesperance
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Alisha Caren Levin
Neil David Levin
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Robert Michael Levine
Shai Levinhar
Daniel M. Lewin
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Jennifer Lewis
Kenneth E. Lewis
Margaret Susan Lewis
Ye Wei Liang
Orasri Liangthanasarn
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Edward Lichtschein
Samantha L. LightbourAllen
Steven Barry Lillianthal
Carlos R. Lillo
Craig Damian Lilore
Arnold Arboleda Lim
Darya Lin
Wei Rong Lin
Nickie L. Lindo
Thomas V. Linehan, Jr.
Robert Thomas Linnane
Alan Patrick Linton, Jr.
Diane Theresa Lipari
Kenneth P. Lira Arévalo
Francisco Alberto Liriano
Lorraine Lisi
Paul Lisson
Vincent M. Litto
Ming-Hao Liu
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Harold Lizcano
Martin Lizzul
George A. Llanes
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Catherine Lisa Loguidice
Jérôme Robert Lohez
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Stephen V. Long
Laura Maria Longing
Salvatore P. Lopes
Daniel Lopez
George Lopez
Luis Manuel Lopez
Maclovio Lopez, Jr.
Manuel L. Lopez
Joseph Lostrangio
Chet Dek Louie
Stuart Seid Louis
Joseph Lovero
Sara Elizabeth Low
Jenny Seu Kueng Low Wong
Michael W. Lowe
Garry W. Lozier
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Charles Peter Lucania
Edward Hobbs Luckett
Mark Gavin Ludvigsen
Lee Charles Ludwig
Sean Thomas Lugano
Daniel Lugo
Marie Lukas
William Lum, Jr.
Michael P. Lunden
Christopher E. Lunder
Anthony Luparello
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Linda Anne Luzzicone
Alexander Lygin
CeeCee Lyles
Farrell Peter Lynch
James Francis Lynch
James T. Lynch, Jr.
Louise A. Lynch
Michael Cameron Lynch
Michael Francis Lynch
Michael Francis Lynch
Richard D. Lynch, Jr.
Robert Henry Lynch, Jr.
Sean P. Lynch
Sean Patrick Lynch
Terence M. Lynch
Michael J. Lyons
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Nehamon Lyons IV
Patrick John Lyons
M Robert Francis Mace
Marianne MacFarlane
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William Macko
Catherine Fairfax MacRae
Richard Blaine Madden
Simon Maddison
Noell C. Maerz
Jennieann Maffeo
Joseph Maffeo
Jay Robert Magazine
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Charles W. Magee
Joseph V. Maggitti
Ronald Magnuson
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William J. Mahoney
Joseph Daniel Maio
Linda C. Mair-Grayling
Takashi Makimoto
Abdu Ali Malahi
Debora I. Maldonado
Myrna T. Maldonado-Agosto
Alfred Russell Maler
Gregory James Malone
Edward Francis Maloney III
Joseph E. Maloney
Gene Edward Maloy
Christian H. Maltby
Francisco Miguel Mancini
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Debra M. Mannetta
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Terence John Manning
James Maounis
Alfred Gilles Padre Joseph
Marchand
Joseph Ross Marchbanks, Jr.
Laura A. Marchese
Hilda Marcin
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Lester V. Marino
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Shelley A. Marshall
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Brian E. Martineau
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Waleska Martinez
Lizie D. Martinez-Calderon
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Anne Marie Martino-Cramer
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Philip William Mastrandrea, Jr.
Rudy Mastrocinque
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William A. Mathesen
Marcello Matricciano
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Robert D. Mattson
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Timothy J. Maude
Jill Maurer-Campbell
Charles A. Mauro, Jr.
Charles J. Mauro
Dorothy Mauro
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Tyrone May
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Robert J. Mayo
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Edward Mazzella, Jr.
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Kaaria Mbaya
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Robert G. McCarthy
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Charles Austin McCrann
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Michael P. McDonnell
John F. McDowell, Jr.
Eamon J. McEneaney
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Daniel Francis McGinley
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Michael Gregory McGinty
Ann Walsh McGovern
Scott Martin McGovern
William J. McGovern
Stacey Sennas McGowan
Francis Noel McGuinn
Thomas F. McGuinness, Jr.
Patrick J. McGuire
Thomas M. McHale
Keith David McHeffey
Ann M. McHugh
Denis J. McHugh III
Dennis P. McHugh
Michael Edward McHugh, Jr.
Robert G. McIlvaine
Donald James McIntyre
Stephanie Marie McKenna
Molly L. McKenzie
Barry J. McKeon
Evelyn C. McKinnedy
Darryl Leron McKinney
George Patrick McLaughlin, Jr.
Robert C. McLaughlin, Jr.
Gavin McMahon
Robert D. McMahon
Edmund M. McNally
Daniel Walker McNeal
Walter Arthur McNeil
Christine Sheila McNulty
Sean Peter McNulty
Robert William McPadden
Terence A. McShane
Timothy Patrick McSweeney
Martin E. McWilliams
Rocco A. Medaglia
Abigail Medina
Ana Iris Medina
Damian Meehan
William J. Meehan, Jr.
Alok Kumar Mehta
Raymond Meisenheimer
Manuel Emilio Mejia
Eskedar Melaku
Antonio Melendez
Mary P. Melendez
Christopher D. Mello
Yelena Melnichenko
Stuart Todd Meltzer
Diarelia Jovanah Mena
Dora Marie Menchaca
Charles R. Mendez
Lizette Mendoza
Shevonne Olicia Mentis
Wolfgang Peter Menzel
Steve John Mercado
Wilfredo Mercado
Wesley Mercer
Ralph Joseph Mercurio
Alan Harvey Merdinger
George L. Merino
Yamel Josefina Merino
George Merkouris
Deborah Merrick
Raymond Joseph Metz III
Jill Ann Metzler
David Robert Meyer
Nurul H. Miah
William Edward Micciulli
Martin Paul Michelstein
Patricia E. Mickley
Ronald D. Milam
Peter Teague Milano
Gregory Milanowycz
Lukasz Tomasz Milewski
Sharon Christina Millan
Corey Peter Miller
Craig J. Miller
Douglas C. Miller
Henry Alfred Miller, Jr.
Joel Miller
Michael Matthew Miller
Nicole Carol Miller
Philip D. Miller
Robert Alan Miller
Robert Cromwell Miller, Jr.
Benny Millman
Charles M. Mills, Jr.
Ronald Keith Milstein
Robert J. Minara
William George Minardi
Louis Joseph Minervino
Thomas Mingione
Wilbert Miraille
Domenick N. Mircovich
Rajesh Arjan Mirpuri
Joseph D. Mistrulli
Susan J. Miszkowicz
Paul Thomas Mitchell
Richard P. Miuccio
Jeffrey Peter Mladenik
Frank V. Moccia, Sr.
Louis Joseph Modafferi
Boyie Mohammed
Dennis Mojica
Manuel D. Mojica, Jr.
Kleber Rolando Molina
Manuel De Jesus Molina
Carl Molinaro
Justin John Molisani, Jr.
Brian Patrick Monaghan
Franklyn Monahan
John Gerard Monahan
Kristen Leigh Montanaro
Craig Montano
Michael G. Montesi
Carlos Alberto Montoya
Antonio De Jesus Montoya Valdes
Cheryl Ann Monyak
Thomas Carlo Moody
Sharon Moore
Krishna V. Moorthy
Laura Lee Defazio Morabito
Abner Morales
Carlos Manuel Morales
Paula E. Morales
Sonia Mercedes Morales Puopolo
Gerard P. Moran, Jr.
John Christopher Moran
John Michael Moran
Kathleen Moran
Lindsay Stapleton Morehouse
George William Morell
Steven P. Morello
Vincent S. Morello
Yvette Nicole Moreno
Dorothy Morgan
Richard J. Morgan
Nancy Morgenstern
Sanae Mori
Blanca Robertina Morocho Morocho
Leonel Geronimo Morocho Morocho
Dennis Gerard Moroney
Lynne Irene Morris
Odessa V. Morris
Seth Allan Morris
Steve Morris
Christopher Martel Morrison
Ferdinand V. Morrone
William David Moskal
Brian A. Moss
Marco Motroni
Cynthia MotuWilson
Iouri A. Mouchinski
Jude Joseph Moussa
Peter Moutos
Damion O’Neil Mowatt
Teddington H. Moy
Christopher Michael Mozzillo
Stephen Vincent Mulderry
Richard T. Muldowney, Jr.
Michael D. Mullan
Dennis Michael Mulligan
Peter James Mulligan
Michael Joseph Mullin
James Donald Munhall
Nancy Muñiz
Francisco Heladio Munoz
Carlos Mario Muñoz
Theresa Munson
Robert Michael Murach
Cesar Augusto Murillo
Marc A. Murolo
Brian Joseph Murphy
Charles Anthony Murphy
Christopher W. Murphy
Edward Charles Murphy
James F. Murphy IV
James Thomas Murphy
Kevin James Murphy
Patrick Jude Murphy
Patrick Sean Murphy
Raymond E. Murphy
Robert Eddie Murphy, Jr.
John Joseph Murray
John Joseph Murray
Susan D. Murray
Valerie Victoria Murray
Richard Todd Myhre
Louis J. Nacke II
Robert B. Nagel
Mildred Rose Naiman
Takuya Nakamura
Alexander John Robert Napier
Frank Joseph Naples III
John Philip Napolitano
Catherine Ann Nardella
Mario Nardone, Jr.
Manika K. Narula
Shawn M. Nassaney
Narender Nath
Karen Susan Navarro
Joseph M. Navas
Francis Joseph Nazario
Glenroy I. Neblett
Rayman Marcus Neblett
Jerome O. Nedd
Laurence F. Nedell
Luke G. Nee
Pete Negron
Laurie Ann Neira
Ann N. Nelson
David William Nelson
Ginger Risco Nelson
James A. Nelson
Michele Ann Nelson
Peter Allen Nelson
Oscar Francis Nesbitt
Gerard Terence Nevins
Renee Tetreault Newell
Christopher C. Newton
Christopher NewtoCarter
Nancy Yuen Ngo
Khang Ngoc Nguyen
Jody Tepedino Nichilo
Kathleen Ann Nicosia
Martin Stewart Niederer
Alfonse Joseph Niedermeyer
Frank John Niestadt, Jr.
Gloria Nieves
Juan Nieves, Jr.
Troy Edward Nilsen
Paul Nimbley
John Ballantine Niven
Katherine McGarry Noack
Curtis Terrance Noel
Michael A. Noeth
Daniel R. Nolan
Robert Walter Noonan
Jacqueline June Norton
Robert Grant Norton
Daniela Rosalia Notaro
Brian Christopher Novotny
Soichi Numata
Brian Nunez
Jose Nunez
Jeffrey Roger Nussbaum
James A. Oakley
Dennis Patrick O’Berg
James P. O’Brien, Jr.
Michael P. O’Brien
Scott J. O’Brien
Timothy Michael O’Brien
Daniel O’Callaghan
Dennis James O’Connor, Jr.
Diana J. O’Connor
Keith Kevin O’Connor
Richard J. O’Connor
Amy O’Doherty
Marni Pont O’Doherty
Douglas E. Oelschlager
Takashi Ogawa
Albert Ogletree
Philip Paul Ognibene
John A. Ogonowski
James Andrew O’Grady
Joseph J. Ogren
Thomas G. O’Hagan  
Samuel Oitice
Patrick J. O’Keefe
William O’Keefe
Gerald Michael Olcott
Gerald Thomas O’Leary
Christine Anne Olender
Linda Mary Oliva
Edward K. Oliver
Leah Elizabeth Oliver
Eric Taube Olsen
Jeffrey James Olsen
Barbara K. Olson
Maureen Lyons Olson
Steven John Olson
Matthew Timothy O’Mahony
Toshihiro Onda
Seamus L. Oneal
John P. O’Neill
Peter J. O’Neill, Jr.
Sean Gordon Corbett O’Neill
Betty Ann Ong
Michael C. Opperman
Christopher T. Orgielewicz
Margaret Quinn Orloske
Virginia Anne Ormiston
Ruben S. Ornedo
Kevin M. O’Rourke
Ronald Orsini
Peter Keith Ortale
Juan Ortega-Campos
Jane Marie Orth
Alexander Ortiz
David Ortiz
Emilio Pete Ortiz
Pablo Ortiz
Paul Ortiz, Jr.
Sonia Ortiz
Masaru Ose
Patrick J. O’Shea
Robert William O’Shea
Elsy Carolina Osorio Oliva
James R. Ostrowski
Timothy Franklin O’Sullivan
Jason Douglas Oswald
Michael John Otten
Isidro D. Ottenwalder
Michael Chung Ou
Todd Joseph Ouida
Jesus Ovalles
Peter J. Owens, Jr.
Adianes Oyola
Angel M. Pabon, Jr.
Israel Pabon, Jr.
Roland Pacheco
Michael Benjamin Packer
Diana B. Padro
Deepa Pakkala
Jeffrey Matthew Palazzo
Thomas Palazzo
Richard A. Palazzolo
Orio Joseph Palmer
Frank Anthony Palombo
Alan N. Palumbo
Christopher Matthew Panatier
Dominique Lisa Pandolfo
Jonas Martin Panik
Paul J. Pansini
John M. Paolillo
Edward Joseph Papa
Salvatore T. Papasso
James Nicholas Pappageorge
Marie Pappalardo
Vinod Kumar Parakat
Vijayashanker Paramsothy
Nitin Ramesh Parandkar
Hardai Parbhu
James Wendell Parham
Debra Marie Paris
George Paris
Gye Hyong Park
Philip Lacey Parker
Michael Alaine Parkes
Robert E. Parks, Jr.
Hashmukh C. Parmar
Robert Parro
Diane Marie Parsons
Leobardo Lopez Pascual
Michael J. Pascuma, Jr.
Jerrold Hughes Paskins
Horace Robert Passananti
Suzanne H. Passaro
Avnish Ramanbhai Patel
Dipti Patel
Manish Patel
Steven Bennett Paterson
James Matthew Patrick
Manuel D. Patrocino
Bernard E. Patterson
Clifford L. Patterson, Jr.
Cira Marie Patti
Robert E. Pattison
James Robert Paul
Patrice Paz
Victor Hugo Paz
Stacey Lynn Peak
Richard Allen Pearlman
Durrell V. Pearsall, Jr.
Thomas Nicholas Pecorelli
Thomas Pedicini
Todd Douglas Pelino
Mike Adrian Pelletier
Anthony G. Peluso
Angel R. Pena
Robert Penninger
Richard Al Penny
Salvatore F. Pepe
Carl Allen B. Peralta
Robert David Peraza
Jon A. Perconti, Jr.
Alejo Perez
Angel Perez, Jr.
Angela Susan Perez
Anthony Perez
Ivan Antonio Perez
Nancy E. Perez
Berry Berenson Perkins
Joseph John Perroncino
Edward J. Perrotta
Emelda H. Perry
Glenn C. Perry, Sr.
John William Perry
Franklin Allan Pershep
Danny Pesce
Michael John Pescherine
Davin N. Peterson
Donald Arthur Peterson
Jean Hoadley Peterson
William Russell Peterson
Mark James Petrocelli
Philip Scott Petti
Glen Kerrin Pettit
Dominick A. Pezzulo
Kaleen Elizabeth Pezzuti
Kevin J. Pfeifer
Tu-Anh Pham
Kenneth John Phelan, Sr.
Sneha Anne Philip
Eugenia McCann Piantieri
Ludwig John Picarro
Matthew Picerno
Joseph O. Pick
Christopher J. Pickford
Dennis J. Pierce
Bernard Pietronico
Nicholas P. Pietrunti
Theodoros Pigis
Susan Elizabeth Pinto
Joseph Piskadlo
Christopher Todd Pitman
Joshua Michael Piver
Robert R. Ploger III
Zandra F. Ploger
Joseph Plumitallo
John M. Pocher
William Howard Pohlmann
Laurence Michael Polatsch
Thomas H. Polhemus
Steve Pollicino
Susan M. Pollio
Darin H. Pontell
Joshua Iosua Poptean
Giovanna Porras
Anthony Portillo
James Edward Potorti
Daphne Pouletsos
Richard N. Poulos
Stephen Emanual Poulos
Brandon Jerome Powell
Scott Alan Powell
Shawn Edward Powell
Antonio Dorsey Pratt
Gregory M. Preziose
Wanda Ivelisse Prince
Vincent A. Princiotta
Kevin M. Prior
Everett Martin Proctor III
Carrie Beth Progen
David Lee Pruim
Richard A. Prunty
John Foster Puckett
Robert David Pugliese
Edward F. Pullis
Patricia Ann Puma
Jack D. Punches
Hemanth Kumar Puttur
Joseph J. Pycior, Jr.
Edward R. Pykon
Christopher Quackenbush 
Lars Peter Qualben
Lincoln Quappé
Beth Ann Quigley
Patrick J. Quigley IV
Michael T. Quilty
James Francis Quinn
Ricardo J. Quinn
Carol Millicent Rabalais
Christopher Peter Anthony
Racaniello
Leonard J. Ragaglia
Eugene J. Raggio
Laura Marie Ragonese-Snik
Michael Paul Ragusa
Peter Frank Raimondi
Harry A. Raines
Lisa J. Raines
Ehtesham Raja
Valsa Raju
Edward J. Rall
Lukas Rambousek
Maria Ramirez
Harry Ramos
Vishnoo Ramsaroop
Deborah A. Ramsaur
Lorenzo E. Ramzey
Alfred Todd Rancke
Adam David Rand
Jonathan C. Randall
Shreyas S. Ranganath
Anne T. Ransom
Faina Rapoport
Rhonda Sue Rasmussen
Robert A. Rasmussen
Amenia Rasool
R. Mark Rasweiler
Marsha D. Ratchford
David Alan James Rathkey
William Ralph Raub
Gerard F. Rauzi
Alexey Razuvaev
Gregory Reda
Sarah Anne Redheffer
Michele Marie Reed
Judith Ann Reese
Donald J. Regan
Robert M. Regan
Thomas Michael Regan
Christian Michael Otto Regenhard
Howard Reich
Gregg Reidy
James Brian Reilly
Kevin O. Reilly
Timothy E. Reilly
Joseph Reina, Jr.
Thomas Barnes Reinig
Frank Bennett Reisman
Joshua Scott Reiss
Karen Renda
John Armand Reo
Richard Cyril Rescorla
John Thomas Resta
Sylvia San Pio Resta and her
unborn child
Martha M. Reszke
David E. Retik
Todd H. Reuben
Luis Clodoaldo Revilla Mier
Eduvigis Reyes, Jr.
Bruce Albert Reynolds
John Frederick Rhodes
Francis Saverio Riccardelli
Rudolph N. Riccio
Ann Marie Riccoboni
David Harlow Rice
Eileen Mary Rice
Kenneth Frederick Rice III
CeCelia E. Richard
Vernon Allan Richard
Claude Daniel Richards
Gregory David Richards
Michael Richards
Venesha Orintia Richards
Jimmy Riches
Alan Jay Richman
John M. Rigo
Frederick Charles Rimmele III
Rose Mary Riso
Moises N. Rivas
Joseph R. Rivelli, Jr.
Carmen Alicia Rivera
Isaias Rivera
Juan William Rivera
Linda Ivelisse Rivera
David E. Rivers
Joseph R. Riverso
Paul V. Rizza
John Frank Rizzo
Stephen Louis Roach
Joseph Roberto
Leo Arthur Roberts
Michael E. Roberts
Michael Edward Roberts
Donald Walter Robertson, Jr.
Jeffrey Robinson
Michell Lee Jean Robotham
Donald Arthur Robson
Antonio A. Rocha
Raymond James Rocha
Laura Rockefeller
John Michael Rodak
Antonio José Rodrigues
Anthony Rodriguez
Carmen Milagros Rodriguez
Gregory E. Rodriguez
Marsha A. Rodriguez
Mayra Valdes Rodriguez
Richard Rodriguez
David Bartolo Rodriguez-Vargas
Matthew Rogan
Jean Destrehan Rogér
Karlie Rogers
Scott William Rohner
Keith Michael Roma
Joseph M. Romagnolo
Efrain Romero, Sr.
Elvin Romero
James A. Romito
Sean Paul Rooney
Eric Thomas Ropiteau
Aida Rosario
Angela Rosario
Mark H. Rosen
Brooke David Rosenbaum
Linda Rosenbaum
Sheryl Lynn Rosenbaum
Lloyd Daniel Rosenberg
Mark Louis Rosenberg
Andrew Ira Rosenblum
Joshua M. Rosenblum
Joshua Alan Rosenthal
Richard David Rosenthal
Philip Martin Rosenzweig
Daniel Rosetti
Richard Barry Ross
Norman S. Rossinow
Nicholas P. Rossomando
Michael Craig Rothberg
Donna Marie Rothenberg
Mark David Rothenberg
James Michael Roux
Nicholas Charles Alexander Rowe
Edward V. Rowenhorst
Judy Rowlett
Timothy Alan Roy, Sr.
Paul G. Ruback
Ronald J. Ruben
Joanne Rubino
David M. Ruddle
Bart Joseph Ruggiere
Susan A. Ruggiero
Adam Keith Ruhalter
Gilbert Ruiz
Robert E. Russell
Stephen P. Russell
Steven Harris Russin
Michael Thomas Russo, Sr.
Wayne Alan Russo
William R. Ruth
Edward Ryan
John Joseph Ryan
Jonathan Stephan Ryan
Matthew L. Ryan
Tatiana Ryjova
Christina Sunga Ryook
Thierry Saada
Jason Elazar Sabbag
Thomas E. Sabella
Scott H. Saber
Charles E. Sabin, Sr.
Joseph Francis Sacerdote
Jessica Leigh Sachs
Francis John Sadocha
Jude Elias Safi
Brock Joel Safronoff
Edward Saiya
John Patrick Salamone
Marjorie C. Salamone
Hernando Rafael Salas
Juan G. Salas
Esmerlin Antonio Salcedo
John Pepe Salerno
Rahma Salie and her unborn child
Richard L. Salinardi, Jr.
Wayne John Saloman
Nolbert Salomon
Catherine Patricia Salter
Frank G. Salvaterra
Paul Richard Salvio
Samuel Robert Salvo, Jr.
Carlos Alberto Samaniego
John P. Sammartino
James Kenneth Samuel, Jr.
Michael San Phillip
Hugo M. Sanay
Alva Cynthia Jeffries Sanchez
Jacquelyn Patrice Sanchez
Jesus Sanchez
Raymond Sanchez
Eric M. Sand
Stacey Leigh Sanders
Herman S. Sandler
Jim Sands, Jr.
Ayleen J. Santiago
Kirsten Reese Santiago
Maria Theresa Concepcion
Santillan
Susan Gayle Santo
Christopher A. Santora
John August Santore
Mario L. Santoro
Rafael Humberto Santos
Rufino C.F. Santos III
Victor J. Saracini
Kalyan K. Sarkar
Chapelle Renee Stewart Sarker
Paul F. Sarle
Deepika Kumar Sattaluri
Gregory Thomas Saucedo
Susan M. Sauer
Anthony Savas
Vladimir Savinkin
John Michael Sbarbaro
David M. Scales
Robert Louis Scandole
Michelle Scarpitta
Dennis Scauso
John Albert Schardt
John G. Scharf
Fred C. Scheffold, Jr.
Angela Susan Scheinberg
Scott Mitchell Schertzer
Sean Schielke
Steven Francis Schlag
Robert A. Schlegel
Jon Schlissel
Karen Helene Schmidt
Ian Schneider
Thomas G. Schoales
Marisa Dinardo Schorpp
Frank G. Schott, Jr.
Gerard Patrick Schrang
Jeffrey H. Schreier
John T. Schroeder
Susan Lee Schuler
Edward W. Schunk
Mark Evan Schurmeier
John Burkhart Schwartz
Mark Schwartz
Adriane Victoria Scibetta
Raphael Scorca
Janice M. Scott
Randolph Scott
Christopher Jay Scudder
Arthur Warren Scullin
Michael H. Seaman
Margaret M. Seeliger
Anthony Segarra
Carlos Segarra
Jason M. Sekzer
Matthew Carmen Sellitto
Michael L. Selves
Howard Selwyn
Larry John Senko
Arturo Angelo Sereno
Frankie Serrano
Marian H. Serva
Alena Sesinova
Adele Christine Sessa
Sita Nermalla Sewnarine
Karen Lynn Seymour
Davis Grier Sezna, Jr.
Thomas Joseph Sgroi
Jayesh Shantilal Shah
Khalid M. Shahid
Mohammed Shajahan
Gary Shamay
Earl Richard Shanahan
Dan F. Shanower
Neil G. Shastri
Kathryn Anne Shatzoff
Barbara A. Shaw
Jeffrey James Shaw
Robert John Shay, Jr.
Daniel James Shea
Joseph Patrick Shea
Kathleen Shearer
Robert M. Shearer
Linda June Sheehan
Hagay Shefi
Antionette M. Sherman
John Anthony Sherry
Atsushi Shiratori
Thomas Joseph Shubert
Mark Shulman
See Wong Shum
Allan Abraham Shwartzstein
Clarin Shellie Siegel-Schwartz
Johanna Sigmund
Dianne T. Signer and her unborn child
Gregory Sikorsky
Stephen Gerard Siller
David Silver
Craig A. Silverstein
Nasima H. Simjee
Bruce Edward Simmons
Diane M. Simmons
Donald D. Simmons
George W. Simmons
Arthur Simon
Kenneth Alan Simon
Michael J. Simon
Paul Joseph Simon
Marianne Liquori Simone
Barry Simowitz
Jane Louise Simpkin
Jeff Lyal Simpson
Cheryle D. Sincock
Khamladai Khami Singh
Roshan Ramesh Singh
Thomas E. Sinton III
Peter A. Siracuse
Muriel F. Siskopoulos
Joseph Michael Sisolak
John P. Skala
Francis Joseph Skidmore, Jr.
Toyena Corliss Skinner
Paul Albert Skrzypek
Christopher Paul Slattery
Vincent Robert Slavin
Robert F. Sliwak
Paul Kenneth Sloan
Stanley S. Smagala, Jr.
Wendy L. Small
Gregg H. Smallwood
Catherine T. Smith
Daniel Laurence Smith
Gary F. Smith
George Eric Smith
Heather Lee Smith
James Gregory Smith
Jeffrey R. Smith
Joyce Patricia Smith
Karl T. Smith, Sr.
Kevin Joseph Smith
Leon Smith, Jr.
Moira Ann Smith
Monica Rodriguez Smith and her unborn child
Rosemary A. Smith
Bonnie Shihadeh Smithwick
Rochelle Monique Snell
Christine Ann Snyder
Dianne Bullis Snyder
Leonard J. Snyder, Jr.
Astrid Elizabeth Sohan
Sushil S. Solanki
Rubén Solares
Naomi Leah Solomon
Daniel W. Song
Mari-Rae Sopper
Michael Charles Sorresse
Fabian Soto
Timothy Patrick Soulas
Gregory Thomas Spagnoletti
Donald F. Spampinato, Jr.
Thomas Sparacio
John Anthony Spataro
Robert W. Spear, Jr.
Robert Speisman
Maynard S. Spence, Jr.
George Edward Spencer III
Robert Andrew Spencer
Mary Rubina Sperando
Frank Spinelli
William E. Spitz
Joseph Patrick Spor, Jr.
Klaus Johannes Sprockamp
Saranya Srinuan
Fitzroy St. Rose
Michael F. Stabile
Lawrence T. Stack
Timothy M. Stackpole
Richard James Stadelberger
Eric Adam Stahlman
Gregory Stajk
Alexandru Liviu Stan
Corina Stan
Mary Domenica Stanley
Anthony Starita
Jeffrey Stark
Derek James Statkevicus
Patricia J. Statz
Craig William Staub
William V. Steckman
Eric Thomas Steen
William R. Steiner
Alexander Robbins Steinman
Edna L. Stephens
Andrew Stergiopoulos
Andrew J. Stern
Norma Lang Steuerle
Martha Jane Stevens
Michael James Stewart
Richard H. Stewart, Jr.
Sanford M. Stoller
Douglas Joel Stone
Lonny Jay Stone
Jimmy Nevill Storey
Timothy Stout
Thomas Strada
James J. Straine, Jr.
Edward W. Straub
George J. Strauch, Jr.
Edward Thomas Strauss
Steven R. Strauss
Larry L. Strickland
Steven F. Strobert
Walwyn Wellington Stuart, Jr.
Benjamin Suarez
David Scott Suarez
Ramon Suarez
Dino Xavier Suarez Ramirez
Yoichi Sumiyama Sugiyama
William Christopher Sugra
Daniel Thomas Suhr
David Marc Sullins
Christopher P. Sullivan
Patrick Sullivan
Thomas G. Sullivan
Hilario Soriano Sumaya, Jr.
James Joseph Suozzo
Colleen M. Supinski
Robert Sutcliffe
Seline Sutter
Claudia Suzette Sutton
John Francis Swaine
Kristine M. Swearson
Brian David Sweeney
Brian Edward Sweeney
Madeline Amy Sweeney
Kenneth J. Swenson
Thomas F. Swift
Derek Ogilvie Sword
Kevin Thomas Szocik
Gina Sztejnberg
Norbert P. Szurkowski
Harry Taback
Joann C. Tabeek
Norma C. Taddei
Michael Taddonio
Keiichiro Takahashi
Keiji Takahashi
Phyllis Gail Talbot
Robert R. Talhami
John Talignani
Sean Patrick Tallon
Paul Talty
Maurita Tam
Rachel Tamares
Hector Rogan Tamayo
Michael Andrew Tamuccio
Kenichiro Tanaka
Rhondelle Cherie Tankard
Michael Anthony Tanner
Dennis Gerard Taormina, Jr.
Kenneth Joseph Tarantino
Allan Tarasiewicz
Michael C. Tarrou
Ronald Tartaro
Deborah Tavolarella
Darryl Anthony Taylor
Donnie Brooks Taylor
Hilda E. Taylor
Kip P. Taylor
Leonard E. Taylor
Lorisa Ceylon Taylor
Michael Morgan Taylor
Sandra C. Taylor
Sandra Dawn Teague
Karl W. Teepe
Paul A. Tegtmeier
Yeshavant Moreshwar Tembe
Anthony Tempesta
Dorothy Pearl Temple
Stanley L. Temple
David Gustaf Peter Tengelin
Brian John Terrenzi
Lisa Marie Terry
Goumatie Thackurdeen
Harshad Sham Thatte
Michael Theodoridis
Thomas F. Theurkauf, Jr.
Lesley Anne Thomas
Brian Thomas Thompson
Clive Ian Thompson
Glenn Thompson
Nigel Bruce Thompson
Perry A. Thompson
Vanavah Alexei Thompson
William H. Thompson
Eric Raymond Thorpe
Nichola Angela Thorpe
Tamara C. Thurman
Sal Edward Tieri, Jr.
John Patrick Tierney
Mary Ellen Tiesi
William Randolph Tieste
Kenneth Tietjen
Stephen Edward Tighe
Scott Charles Timmes
Michael E. Tinley
Jennifer M. Tino
Robert Frank Tipaldi
John James Tipping II
David Tirado
Hector Luis Tirado, Jr.
Michelle Lee Titolo
Alicia Nicole Titus
John J. Tobin
Richard J. Todisco
Otis V. Tolbert
Vladimir Tomasevic
Stephen Kevin Tompsett
Thomas Tong
Doris Torres
Luis Eduardo Torres
Amy Elizabeth Toyen
Christopher Michael Traina
Daniel Patrick Trant
Abdoul Karim Traore
Glenn J. Travers, Sr.
Walter Philip Travers
Felicia Yvette Traylor-Bass
James Anthony Trentini
Mary Barbara Trentini
Lisa L. Trerotola
Karamo Baba Trerra
Michael Angel Trinidad
Francis Joseph Trombino
Gregory James Trost
Willie Q. Troy
William P. Tselepis, Jr.
Zhanetta Valentinovna Tsoy
Michael Patrick Tucker
Lance Richard Tumulty
Ching Ping Tung
Simon James Turner
Donald Joseph Tuzio
Robert T. Twomey
Jennifer Lynn Tzemis
John G. Ueltzhoeffer
Tyler Victor Ugolyn
Michael A. Uliano
Jonathan J. Uman
Anil Shivhari Umarkar
Allen V. Upton
Diane Marie Urban
John Damien Vaccacio
Bradley Hodges Vadas
William Valcarcel
Felix Antonio Vale
Ivan Vale
Benito Valentin
Santos Valentin, Jr.
Carlton Francis Valvo II
Pendyala Vamsikrishna
Erica H. Van Acker
Kenneth W. Van Auken
R. Bruce Van Hine
Daniel M. Van Laere
Edward Raymond Vanacore
Jon Charles Vandevander
Frederick T. Varacchi
Gopalakrishnan Varadhan
David Vargas
Scott C. Vasel
Azael Ismael Vasquez
Ronald J. Vauk
Arcangel Vazquez
Santos Vazquez
Peter Vega
Sankara Sastry Velamuri
Jorge Velazquez
Lawrence G. Veling
Anthony Mark Ventura
David Vera
Loretta Ann Vero
Christopher James Vialonga
Matthew Gilbert Vianna
Robert Anthony Vicario
Celeste Torres Victoria
Joanna Vidal
John T. Vigiano II
Joseph Vincent Vigiano
Frank J. Vignola, Jr.
Joseph Barry Vilardo
Claribel Villalobos Hernandez
Sergio Gabriel Villanueva
Chantal Vincelli
Melissa Renée Vincent
Francine Ann Virgilio
Lawrence Virgilio
Joseph Gerard Visciano
Joshua S. Vitale
Maria Percoco Vola
Lynette D. Vosges
Garo H. Voskerijian
Alfred Anton Vukosa
Gregory Kamal Bruno Wachtler
Karen J. Wagner
Mary Alice Wahlstrom
Honor Elizabeth Wainio
Gabriela Silvina Waisman
Wendy Alice Rosario Wakeford
Courtney Wainsworth Walcott
Victor Wald
Kenneth E. Waldie
Benjamin James Walker
Glen Wall
Mitchel Scott Wallace
Peter Guyder Wallace
Robert Francis Wallace
Roy Michael Wallace
Jeanmarie Wallendorf
Matthew Blake Wallens
Meta L. Waller
John Wallice, Jr.
Barbara P. Walsh
Jim Walsh
Jeffrey P. Walz
Ching Wang
Weibin Wang
Michael Warchola
Stephen Gordon Ward
Timothy Ray Ward
James A. Waring
Brian G. Warner
Derrick Christopher Washington
Charles Waters
James Thomas Waters, Jr.
Patrick J. Waters
Kenneth Thomas Watson
Michael Henry Waye
Todd Christopher Weaver
Walter Edward Weaver
Nathaniel Webb
Dinah Webster
William Michael Weems
Joanne Flora Weil
Michael T. Weinberg
Steven Weinberg
Scott Jeffrey Weingard
Steven George Weinstein
Simon Weiser
David M. Weiss
David Thomas Weiss
Chin Sun Pak Wells
Vincent Michael Wells
Deborah Jacobs Welsh
Timothy Matthew Welty
Christian Hans Rudolf Wemmers
Ssu-Hui Wen
John Joseph Wenckus
Oleh D. Wengerchuk
Peter M. West
Whitfield West, Jr.
Meredith Lynn Whalen
Eugene Michael Whelan
Adam S. White
Edward James White III
James Patrick White
John Sylvester White
Kenneth Wilburn White, Jr.
Leonard Anthony White
Malissa Y. White
Maudlyn A. White
Sandra L. White
Wayne White
Leanne Marie Whiteside
Mark P. Whitford
Leslie A. Whittington
Michael T. Wholey
Mary Lenz Wieman
Jeffrey David Wiener
William J. Wik
Alison Marie Wildman
Glenn E. Wilkinson
Ernest M. Willcher
John Charles Willett
Brian Patrick Williams
Candace Lee Williams
Crossley Richard Williams, Jr.
David J. Williams
David Lucian Williams
Debbie L. Williams
Dwayne Williams
Kevin Michael Williams
Louie Anthony Williams
Louis Calvin Williams III
John P. Williamson
Donna Ann Wilson
William Eben Wilson
David Harold Winton
Glenn J. Winuk
Thomas Francis Wise
Alan L. Wisniewski
Frank Paul Wisniewski
David Wiswall
Sigrid Charlotte Wiswe
Michael R. Wittenstein
Christopher W. Wodenshek
Martin Phillips Wohlforth
Katherine Susan Wolf
Jennifer Yen Wong
Siucheung Steve Wong
Yin Ping Wong
Yuk Ping Wong
Brent James Woodall
James John Woods
Marvin Roger Woods
Patrick J. Woods
Richard Herron Woodwell
David Terence Wooley
John Bentley Works
Martin Michael Wortley
Rodney James Wotton
William Wren, Ret.
John W. Wright, Jr.
Neil Robin Wright
Sandra Lee Wright
Jupiter Yambem
John D. Yamnicky, Sr.
Suresh Yanamadala
Vicki Yancey
Shuyin Yang
Matthew David Yarnell
Myrna Yaskulka
Shakila Yasmin
Olabisi Shadie Layeni Yee
Kevin W. Yokum
Edward P. York
Kevin Patrick York
Raymond R. York
Suzanne Martha Youmans
Barrington Leroy Young, Jr.
Donald McArthur Young
Edmond G. Young, Jr.
Jacqueline Young
Lisa L. Young
Elkin Yuen
Joseph C. Zaccoli
Adel Agayby Zakhary
Arkady Zaltsman
Edwin J. Zambrana, Jr.
Robert Alan Zampieri
Mark Zangrilli
Christopher R. Zarba, Jr.
Ira Zaslow
Kenneth Albert Zelman
Abraham J. Zelmanowitz
Martin Morales Zempoaltecatl
Zhe Zeng
Marc Scott Zeplin
Jie Yao Justin Zhao
Yuguang Zheng
Ivelin Ziminski
Michael Joseph Zinzi
Charles Alan Zion
Julie Lynne Zipper
Salvatore J. Zisa
Prokopios Paul Zois
Joseph J. Zuccala
Andrew Steven Zucker
Igor Zukelman

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As of the writing of this I am aware of the following vaccines in development to inoculate against COVID-19. I rank them by a quasi-objective “farthest along” scale.

1. AstraZeneca and University of Oxford vaccine. In Phase 3 clinical trialing (with a pause). The vaccine uses a a genetic sequence encoding for a protein on surface of the novel coronavirus. On September 8, 2020 a hold was placed on the trial following a suspect adverse reaction in a participant.
2. Moderna Therapeutics vaccine, mRNA-1273. In Phase 3 clinical trialing. The vaccine uses a synthetic messenger RNA molecule encoding a protein found on the novel coronavirus. Moderna identified a candidate approximately 40 days after the virus’s genome was sequenced. What this vaccine has done to the company’s stock price is nothing short of extraordinary. 
3. BioNTech and Pfizer vaccine. In Phase 3 clinical trialing. Fosun Pharma signed a deal to ensure BioNTech’s vaccine would be approved in China. Pfizer is co-developing the vaccine for the rest of the world.
4. CanSino Biologics vaccine. In Phase 2 trialing. Vaccine uses technology that led to the China-approved Ebola vaccine. A short genetic sequence of the virus is interwoven with harmless viral genetic material to encourage antibody development.
5. Sinovac vaccine. In Phase 2 trials. A Chinese company that has developed vaccines in the past for avian flu, hand-food-mouth disease, hepatitis A and B, and swine flu. On June 14, the company released data indicated neutralizing antibodies were produces in “above 90%” of participants.
6. Inovio Pharmaceuticals vaccine. In Phase 1. A company that has worked to introduce DNA into medicine for decades, has developed a “DNA vaccine” to generate protective antibodies. The company has yet to provide data on the immune response claimed in 94% of patients.
7. Novavax vaccine. In Phase 1. Beginning in the ovaries of insects and ending attached to spike proteins found on the surface of the novel coronavirus. 
8. GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi vaccine. In Phase 1. Two giant corporations are mixing one’s peanut butter (precise proteins to train one’s immune system) with the other’s chocolate (a proprietary additive that makes a vaccine more potent, known as an adjuvant). On September 3, the companies announced beginning a 400-patient trial whose data we all expect to see approximately around December!
9. Johnson & Johnson vaccine. Preclinical. As a big company with deep pockets and a deep bench of experts to call upon, Johnson & Johnson can mobilize on scale in a way others can’t. Phase 1 is expected to start Soon™.
10. Arctus Therapetucus vaccine. Preclinical. A nanoparticle infused with RNA virus sits at the heart of this vaccine. Developed in partnership with Duke, Phase 1 will begin in Singapore.
11. Merck vaccine. Preclinical. With their purchase of Themis, Merck decided to base their vaccine on a measles vaccine. Has also announced partnerwithing with a nonprofit organization for development and deployment in the developing world.
12. CureVac vaccine. Preclinical. The company got a grant from the nonprofit Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations to scale up their mRNA-based vaccine.
13. Imperial College London vaccine. Preclinical. A few animal studies have shown a few protective antibodies.
14. University of Queensland vaccine. Preclinical. This company also got a grant from the nonprofit Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Human trials are planned.

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I hereby nominate William T. Vollmann for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

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In a recent communication reminding folks of an upcoming Faculty Senate meeting, Senate Chair Colleen Conway relayed “the Faculty Senate Office received an opinion from the Office of General Counsel that the Faculty Senate does not have the authority under the University Senate rules to hold remote meetings”.

University Spokesperson Rick Fitzgerald told The Michigan Daily the “Faculty Senate office initially reached out to the General Counsel’s office in April, asking if the Faculty Senate bylaws allowed for remote meetings” the answer to which “at that time was no, but that the Faculty Senate could change its bylaws to allow for such meetings.”

“[A] change in bylaws to allow remote meetings, must be made during an in-person meeting,” said Fitzgerald. (Faculty Senate’s bylaws require a quorum of 100 members.) “That’s not possible just yet because of a governor’s executive order that restricts the size of meetings.” And Washtenaw county has further restricted this to 10 people indoors and 25 people outdoors in Ann Arbor. 

Six motions were received for the September 16, 2020 Faculty Senate Meeting. One on electronic voting and five spitting straight fire with two of them directly declaring no confidence with the University’s Upper Management: “BE IT RESOLVED that the Faculty Senate of the University of Michigan has no confidence in the administration’s re-opening plan” and “BE IT RESOLVED that the Faculty Senate of the University of Michigan has no confidence in President Mark Schlissel’s leadership.”

Conway further clarifies, “this meeting will not be a duly constituted meeting pursuant to University Senate Rules” and as such the votes of no confidence (which we are told will be open for 24 hours!) “will not constitute an official action of the University Senate”.

So, while it’s not nothing, it’s something close.^{1, 2, 3}

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1. A German studies professor at the University is on record as saying it is “an abolition of democratic procedure.”
2. A professor from the School of Information has said, “the reality is faculty have no hard administrative power at the University, so they’re all symbolic votes anyway”.
3. The same School of Information Professor said “They carry the moral weight of whatever the vote turns out to be.”

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Mr. President, when you type in all capitals, do you hold Shift for each of the letters or do you use Caps Lock?

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